聪明笨小孩：读写困难小学生达千万（双语）

小学生正受到读写困难的困扰。但在中国，读写困难并不广为人知，这就意味着每10个学生里，就可能有1个被误解为“聪明笨小孩”。

　　小学生正受到读写困难的困扰。但在中国，读写困难并不广为人知，这就意味着每10个学生里，就可能有1个被误解为“聪明笨小孩”。

　　A research suggests over 10 million children in elementary schools across China have dyslexia， and they do not get timely support because their troubles are ignored or misunderstood.

　　那么读写困难到底是什么，怎么去帮助这些儿童？

　　What is dyslexia like？ How to better help children with dyslexia？

　　1、关于读写困难

　　读写困难是一种学习障碍，这是一种特定的语言障碍。研究表明，与遗传和环境因素有关。具有读写困难的儿童智力正常，但读写能力差。

　　Dyslexia is a type of learning disability associated with problems with the brain's language processing areas. Children with dyslexiahave problems recognizing and understanding words， despite having normal or above-normal levels of intelligence.

　　这些儿童难以协调他们的动作，平衡力欠佳，握笔姿势不协调等。研究发现，6～12岁是读写困难的最佳矫治期，如果能较早发现问题，可以及时帮助孩子提高读写能力。

　　Some have difficulty coordinating their movements or suffer from poor motor skills. Therefore， some youngsters might struggle to hold a pen or pencil for too long and have sloppy handwriting.

　　2、当前问题

　　① 传统教学方法

　　传统的教学重点放在阅读、写作、记忆上面，但这种教学模式并不适合读写困难儿童。2014年社科院的研究调查表明，具有读写困难的儿童比普通儿童获得的成绩往往更低一些。

　　Conventional teaching methods that put a priority on reading， writing and memorizing things are not suitable for dyslexic children. The CASS study in 2014 showed that dyslexic youngsters are more likely toget low grades on written tests than other students.

　　其实有些读写困难儿童会有更强的立体思维能力等其他天赋，根据历史记录和遗留的手稿，爱迪生、达·芬奇等人也可能有读写困难。

　　②老师和家长的误解

　　遇到这种现象，很多从事一线语文教育的老师不知道除了“懒”和“不爱动笔”之外，还有另外合理的解释。包括一些家长也并不了解，“读写障碍”并不是“思维障碍”或智商问题，它特指孩子智力正常，但读写能力差的情况。

　　Many dyslexic children have hidden talents， butthey struggle with education methods that put too much emphasis on language skills.This causes misunderstandings with teachers who are not aware of their problems， labeling them as having lower levels of intelligence or as being lazy.

　　③ 心理问题

　　读写困难学生在注意力、情绪和行为方面有问题的比例都高于普通学生，而“亲社会行为”，如助人为乐、对人友好的比例则大大低于普通学生。而这些也会影响他们与朋友之间的正常交往。

　　They are also more prone toemotional or physiological problems， such as depression， because condition also affects their ability to communicate and make friends.

　　在这方面，我国的学术资料少得可怜。学界之外，对读写困难的公共普及就更少了，这造成了家长和老师的种种误会。

　　（读写困难儿童可能会这样写字）

　　3、如何帮助读写困难儿童？

　　① 及时干预

　　专家认为6～12岁是读写困难的最佳矫治期，如果能较早发现问题，可以及时帮助孩子提高读写能力。

　　Experts believe the best time to intervene is before age 12. Difficulties with learning to identify letters and read can be overcome through special training.

　　②政府更多的投入：培训、教材等

　　在2016年的中国人民政治协商会议上，港澳委员黄永光提交了相关提案，希望政府尽快建立筛查、矫正系统，对读写困难群体予以帮助。

　　Huang Yongguang， a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference， said hatofficials should draft policies in support of special education services in schools.Huang submitted a proposal to establish a complete dyslexia screening and correction system，and develop detailed learning strategies to help affected children.